Hmmm... Kinda....
In Australia - as in the USA (!) AFTER you complete your primary medical degree, you stream into either a surgical or non-surgical speciality - unless you want to be a primary care physician/General practitioner. Here, non-surgical specialists undergo "Physician training" and surgical specialists "Surgical training". That's it.
SO in my case.... 6 years primary medical degree (got an MB BS - Batchelor of medicine and Batchelor of surgery. Under the English system that entitles you to be called "Doctor" as it is a double degree. We don't generally have an MD degree although it is possible to do one as a post graduate degree). THEN I did 3 years basic post graduate training and THEN entered a surgical speciality stream and after another 4 years got my FRACS (College of surgeons...) as a GENERAL Surgeon... THEN I entered another stream and did three years to get my additional speciality qualification as a Cardiac surgeon. So - educationally - here and in the UK and in-fact in the USA - Surgeons and Physicians (Meaning specialists in non-surgical fields) have the same medical education UNTIL they specialise.
NOW.... Under the English tradition - and that is all it is.... Surgeons are often referred to as "Mister" not "Doctor" - a hang over from the old days. Initially all surgeons were NOT medically trained in the traditional sense (They were "Barber surgeons") and were looked down upon by the non-hands-on physicians. SO they were called "Mister". Eventually the training became as I have described so Surgeons were entitled to be called "Doctor" - However - many still insisted on being referred to as "Mister" . It is now inverse snobbery....
Phew... make sense?
Re-reading the Aubrey/Maturin saga by Patrick O'brian. In the Royal Navy of the 19th century ships carried surgeons. They were often poorly trained and held their post by warrant. Actual qualified "physicians" were rare, unusual except for the highest rated ships and officers. The character Stephen Maturin is a qualified physician and objectified as a treasure by the ships crew, having "removed the bosun's skull and roused out his brains."